Communication Across Cultures An Essential Skill For...

Communicating across cultures has become an essential skill for multinational business leaders, as well as for employees who work in diverse environments. Hence, having a thorough understanding of cultural context (high, low, and everything in between) positions employees and managers to have effective internal and external communications with a range of stakeholders. I am interested in understanding high and low cultural context to enhance my current cross-cultural communication requirements and to use it as a variable as I consider establishing my own business in the future. Explanation of Key Term The importance of understanding communication across cultures, specifically high-context versus low-context, is to the business owner†¦show more content†¦Ultimately, there are many business process to which a global business leader may apply the nuances of high or low cultural context. Major Article Summary One article applied the concept to e-commerce. Prumyan and Broeder set out to describe how cultures on each end of the spectrum made purchasing decisions during online shopping (2016). Their study compared and contrasted consumer behaviors within a high-context culture, Armenia, and a low-context culture, The Netherlands, to determine practical implications for online marketing (Pirumyan Broeder, 2016). Foundational to their research was the application of several published theories behind purchasing behaviors of online shoppers such as: The Theory of Planned Behavior, Integrative Model of Behavioural Prediction, and Lim’s Theory of Online Buying Behaviour (Pirumyan Broeder, 2016, p. 35). Since their research used one product and two cultures, they noted that their findings could be enhanced by future research that includes a larger variety of products and consumers (Pirumyan Broeder, 2016). The authors presented several hypotheses concerning the i mpact of cultural context on attitudes toward online shopping and the type of product information that influences purchasing decisions. First, since low-context cultures depend on words and are more direct, they should demonstrate preference toward online shopping more than high-context cultures, who prefer broaderShow MoreRelatedThe Success Factors Of Multinational Corporations1272 Words   |  6 Pagesmost essential success factor in multinational corporations is related with the organization’s group of extremely competent international leaders and managers who have the global knowledge of consumer demands for services as well as products in a world scale, the knowledge of production and service capabilities, and also who can influence others in spite of diverse cultural or political backgrounds that make them think, analyze, decide, act and communicate in a different way than the leader (TeagardenRead MoreCultural Environment Of International Business Essay1327 Words   |  6 Pages Cultural Environment of International Business Vanda Mallo Keiser University â€Æ' Abstract Understanding the management role relative to cultural influences is critical for today’s managers who want to interact proficiently across borders. 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I/ Introduction: In times of rapid globalisation and economic development growth, the environment of business has become more and more complicated as a huge number of firms want to globally expand their businesses. Subsequently, the managerial implications of cross-cultural management is the challenge of this development. As Abbe (2007) states, cross-cultural leadership has developed as a way to understand leaders who work

Automated Recording and Monitoring System Thesis - 6218 Words

Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION Rationale of the study As computer technology is rapidly changing our world, it has permitted man not only store his knowledge, but to organize, manipulate, and modify it systematically. Organizations nowadays are adapting to office automation systems. Most schools use automated systems to lessen their work and minimize their problems in their system, and ACT(Asian College of Technology) is one of the school that is would like to adapt computerization for a more productive output. Yet, there are still problems that the school can not avoid such as storing of the student’s records in their scholarship programs. Some files are inevitably misplaced or lost because of the manual recording process.†¦show more content†¦Vendors of computer-aided software engineering (CASE) products are now supporting UML and it has been endorsed by almost every maker of software development products , including IBM and Microsoft (for its Visual Basic environment). Martin Fowler, in his book UML Distilled, observes that, although UML is a notation system enabling people to communicate about a model, it is developed from methodologies that also describe the processes in developing and using the model. While there is no one accepted process, the contributors to UML all describe somewhat similar approaches and these are usually described along with tutorials about UML itself. Among the concepts of modeling that UML specifies how to describe are: class (of objects), object, association, responsibility, activity, interface, use case, package, sequence, collaboration, and state. Fowlers book provides a good introduction to UML. Booch, Rumbaugh, and Jacobson all have or soon will have published the official set of books on UML. UML is short for Unified Modelling Language and is an ISO ( International Standard) specification language for modelling objects. Its a refinement of earlier Object Oriented Design and Object Oriented Analysis methodologies. Collaboration Diagram. , also called a communicationShow MoreRelatedConceptual Framework of Computerized Inventory System2606 Words   |  11 PagesAUTOMATED SALES AND INVENTORY SYSTEM OF BISU CLARIN BUSINESS CENTER ______________ A Thesis Presented to the faculty of the Computer Science Department BOHOL ISLAND STATE UNIVERSITY Clarin Bohol ______________ In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Computer Science By: Sendrijas, Irish P. Socorin, Margelyn T. Memoracion Dian Mark L. Daryl Valdez Adviser CHAPTER 1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE INTRODUCTION Rationale Man has come along his way in doingRead MoreAttendance Monitoring Using Keycard System Chapter Ii1758 Words   |  8 PagesChapter II Review of Related Literature and Studies SYSTEM ANALYSIS amp; DESIGN CASE STUDY PROPOSAL OUTLINE CHAPTER 1: THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING PAGE II 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Background of the Locale 1.3 Statement of the Problem 1.4.1 General Problem 1.4.2 Specific Problem 1.4 Objective of the Study 1.5.3 General Objective 1.5.4 Specific Objective 1.5 Theoretical Framework 1.6.5 Conceptual FrameworkRead MoreForeign and Local Studies3842 Words   |  16 Pagesideas and also as guide. Also some related studies are intended to seek the solution to the problem and make them better by the used of proponent. Foreign Literature [1]According to the Right Pharmacy Management System, the key benefits of the pharmacy management system-automating processes, streamlining workflow and thereby enhancing the customer base-are attracting enough to draw retail pharmacy chains competing in a world of growing challenges. However, the choices are tough with a handfulRead MoreCashiering System3317 Words   |  14 PagesCOMPUTERIZED CASHIERING SYSTEM A Thesis Proposal Presented to the Faculty of the College of Computer Studies Colegio De San Lorenzo Ruiz De Manila, Inc. In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirement for the Degree Bachelor of Science in Computer Science Proponents Berame, Joseca Leslie, Salindayao Siervo, Sheryll Cardenas, Ma. Cristina Dr. Rolando Lansigan Adviser CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Colegio de San Lorenzo Ruiz de Manila is currently using a manual way of recording, computing and storing theRead MoreBilling System3860 Words   |  16 Pagesdaily experience. Engineers strive to combine automated devices with mathematical and organizational tools to create complex systems for a rapidly expanding range of applications and human activities. Many roles for humans in industrial processes presently lie beyond the scope of automation. Human-level pattern recognition, language recognition, and language production ability are well beyond the capabilities of modern mechanical and computer systems. Tasks requiring subjective assessment or synthesisRead MoreComputerized Record System4514 Words   |  19 Pagesorganizations. Computer system has played an important role in monitoring the volume of work, which takes place everyday in almost all offices. This easy way of doing everything, such as keeping and retrieving records would not be possible output appropriate information system and technology that will go user user. 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Sure Things Free Essays

Gangyi Wu Mark Scamahorn Eng 110, March 15, 2012 Desperate to survival How can a big brother who loses his parents in a short period of time survive? How is it possible for him to take care of his little brother at the same time? In A Heartbreaking Work of Staggering Genius, the author Dave Eggers describes a long dialogue between him and his brother Toph. In fact, the dialogue is not happening in the real world; instead, it is a â€Å"me and I† dialogue. Dave talks about his long day in the beginning of this dialogue, while â€Å"Toph† extends the conversation to the discussion of Dave’s inner being. We will write a custom essay sample on Sure Things or any similar topic only for you Order Now Actually Dave is analyzing his behavior with respect to Toph. From the dialogue, we can tell Dave is desperate and is eager to have a normal life with Toph. Dave’s dialogue with â€Å"Toph’ shows Dave is aggressive. Dave is trying to escape the past and use moral authority to condemn other for the purpose of building himself up. Dave is trying to run away from the past guilt. The guilty feelings make Dave stay away from the past. â€Å"Toph† says, â€Å"You’re completely paralyzed with guilt about relating all this in the first place, especially the stuff earlier on. †(115). The past was horrible for Dave. He suffered a lot, he lost his parents, and more importantly, his family. He is afraid to remember his family, because he is afraid that those painful memories will haunt after him. The guilt, as â€Å"Toph† describes, constrains him. Dave feels guilty for his parents’ death. The â€Å"family† area in his brain is a forbidden zone. He preserves this area carefully in order to avoid the potential harm coming from the heartrending stories. Otherwise, these areas may drive him ballistic. As a result, Dave tries many ways to escape the guilt. At the very beginning of the conversation, Dave and â€Å"Toph† are talking about their long day. Dave argues that â€Å"this is a much pedestrian day than most†, because â€Å"this is just a caricature†¦ the skeleton†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (115) Toph says: â€Å"you’re†¦. doing little tricks, out of frustration. †(115). From this conversation, we can see that Dave is trying to make things look fake; he does not want things to get a hold of him, especially the guilty feelings. Instead of manipulating the old memories into â€Å"skeleton† and â€Å"caricature† he would rather treat them as his own real experience. He is numbing himself out. By discarding all the old things to jump out of the old memories, Dave also wants to have a brand new life with Toph. â€Å"Toph† says, â€Å"you can toss away all the old rules†¦ and for all your bluster you end up maintaining most of their customs. †(116). He is attempting to leave away from the rules in his old family; he wants to dominate his own rule and create a new home rule. He blusters and struggles. He is desperate! No matter how hard Dave tries, he fails, and all the failures gradually lead him to the edge of collapse. Dave becomes an aggressive man, because he is over sensitive about the potential harm may happen to Toph. â€Å"Toph† recounts a scene between Dave and a friend, Marny. Dave is irritated about Toph’s ignorance’s to call, after waiting for Toph to return home. Marny exhorts Dave not to be harsh but Dave wraths immediately, â€Å"you think you have a say in something like that, just because I am young. †(116) Apparently he is harsh to Toph and now he is mean to his best friend. Marny is showing him kindness whereas Dave attacks her simply because she doubts what he is doing. In this moment, Dave already becomes extremely sensitive. He regards himself as Toph’s mother, â€Å"you would never contradict some forty-year-old mother, would you? † (116) He is a forty-year-old â€Å"mother† who is old enough to have authority over Toph; Dave believes he has the competence to take care of Toph, and at the mean time he is doing a good parenting job. Therefore, no one can challenge his authority. Consequently Dave overly defends the leadership that he has over the new family. No one can judge an old â€Å"mother†. He is as bossy as an old â€Å"mother† holding the decision making power in his mind. Dave describes his attitude to those potential enemies from â€Å"Toph’s† words, â€Å"You’ll picture all manners of murders in my defense. Your visions will be vivid and horrifically violent†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (117) Dave would like to punish his â€Å"enemies† in his own mind with weapons like a baseball bat. Dave values Toph the most in his heart, and anyone who dares to harm Toph should pay a high price. Dave will punish them as fierce as he can. Paragraph indicates that Dave lacks the sense of safety. Inside his imagination, outsiders always want to dig out his family’s scars and judge him and Toph. He desires to beat every enemy down before they appear, so that no one could harm them. He tries to condemn others by using his moral authority in order to gain confidence about life. Toph says, â€Å"You finally have the moral authority you’ve carved†¦And now your moral authority is doubled, tripled. And you use it any way you need to. † (118) The moral authority is the weapon Dave uses to intimidate others. For him it is a shield that protects him from being humiliated, since he is morally superior to others. This is exactly what Toph infers about his authority, â€Å"because it increases your leverage with other people. (119) As a result, Dave can judge others without getting criticism back. In the incomplete family, Dave and Toph are weak. However with the moral authority, he can rule over others; no one will have a judgment about his family, or Toph. He even judges his twenty-nine years old girl friend, â€Å"you’ll make this poor woman feel like a le per†¦ you want her to fell like a pariah, like a lower form of life†¦ what your feel anyone tethered to any addiction is. † (118) â€Å"Leper† and â€Å"pariah† are insulting words that a normal person would not use to criticize a smoking woman. By looking down on others and saying those insulting words, Dave is attempting to gain self-esteem. His behaviors make himself look like a superior. Although the people are living better than Dave, he refuses to accept reality. What Dave wants is to create a favorable family environment for Toph, to give him new home. In this family he is a father, a mother, a big brother and an orphan without parents. Dave is attempting pull himself out of the old and painful memories. On the other hand, he is shouldering the responsibilities of Toph. He talks to the imaginary Toph to cure himself with an â€Å"open heart surgery†. Toph is an illusion of real Toph in his heart. There two brothers are having a counseling session together indirectly. Dave loves Toph. He is playing his role as a protector. He wants to protect Toph from the people outside their house, to keep Toph from other people’s judgments. The only reason Dave becomes a desperate and pretended guardian is to become strong enough to stand up for Toph’s protection. Work Cited Eggers, Dave. A heartbreaking Work of Staggering Genius, New York. Vintage Books. 2000. 114-120. Print. How to cite Sure Things, Essay examples

Corporate Social Responsibility Initiatives Primarily

Question: Discuss about the Corporate Social Responsibility Initiatives Primarily. Answer: Introduction: It has been a norm globally for organizations to engage in corporate social responsibility. Corporate social responsibility refers to an organization, institution or foundations giving back to the society for philanthropic purposes or giving in kind (Horrigan, 2010). This paper will be examining the motive behind organizations investing highly on corporate social responsibility, the paper will ask questions; like are the institution involved in corporate social responsibility in aid of the society in which their businesses are premised or are they giving in kind as selfless or altruistic acts and values. For proper illustration and justification, the paper will examine some of the internationally accredited and established business and their motive behind CSR. The aspect of organizations undertaking CSR in kind or altruistic value is raises a question, while the organizations might want to impact the society that they operate in positively, the communities or societies being supported by the businesses may consider the act of kind giving, as an opportunity for business in competitive advantage, or businesses giving to operate within their clauses, especially businesses that have a value of positive transformation of societies. CSR has even been used by political parties while campaigning, for instance in UK, the conservative party has advocated for responsible business across UK. Companies in the UK under influence of the conservative party will be seen giving for altruistic reason, though the motive behind is to be in terms with the ruling political parties (Horrigan, 2010). The society interprets CSR in good kind especially in most of the developing countries, organizations like the Coca-Cola, have invested in painting schools in Africa and maintenance of roundabouts on major roads, though societies and communities where Coca-Cola has presence will translate the kindness of the company to their society, Coca-Cola is giving for reputation management. Coca -cola is valued at 96% intangibly, the leader in soft drink business has managed to use its CSR activities to build its reputation, to be the most desired brand in soft drink, the organization giving in kind will be considered a selfless or altruistic motive though its giving to build its image and reputation in the market (Mullerat, 2010). Coca-Cola which thrives on the soft drink industry to thrive, discovered that its competitive strategies arent enough, it had to come up with other models that can support the strategies in place, thus the need to employ corporate social responsibility model.Corporate social responsibility involves companies, giving services or money in kind, supporting certain causes in the society where their business operates in. Coca-Cola supporting causes like donating football uniforms in primary schools where it has a business footprint, the uniforms are branded with coca cola logo. Coca-Cola also support digging of boreholes, especially in African communities, where piped water is very scarce The corporate social responsibility increases shareholder value, the aspect of giving uniforms to football clubs and supporting causes in the society, enables the society to interact more with the Coca-Cola brand. Most investors tend to partner or invest with companies that have certain principles, Corpo rate social responsibility gives Coca-Cola an advantage to woo investors. (Mullerat and Brennan, 2005). Most of the international organizations, tend to give back to the societies to be at cordial relationship with governments, companies that are seen supporting the local activities are normally perceived to be doing business and investing the same on the placement of their businesses other than channeling all their profits to the mother countries, or where the businesses are headquartered. The organizations are normally given tax incentives by the governments, where their businesses are premised, there is an open and free market and they are not subjected to corruption for their businesses policy and framework to be embraced in the societies. (Lacy and Salazar, 2006). In this context it will be wrong to interpret that an organization is only giving for the purpose of altruistic value. At times for the fear of losing customers, organization are obliged to engage in CSR activities, some of the clients to businesses might be large stakeholders or people who purchase goods and services in large volumes, their exit from business will have an implication on financial structure of an organization., some of the clients will prefer to invest their money in a business with good ethics, businesses seen to be taking care of the environment in operation. Customers tend to be loyal in purchasing from organizations that positively impact their surroundings. An organization will highly invest in CSR for the purpose of meeting the expectation of the customer and main stakeholders in the market. The society will perceive an altruistic value in the environment though blindly, the society is impressed at a cost. Customers will buy from the same organization and it is the profit as a result of their investment which will lead to CSR activities by organizations (Idowu and Leal Filho, 2 009). Institutions engaged in corporate social responsibility have a great share value in stock exchange, a cartel of businesses analyst tend to advise investors to boycott in buying shares from companies that arent giving in kind, this result to fall of share value in the market and a decline curve in profits is expected to a company not practicing such values of altruism, in the long run, an organization will be forced to engage in acts of giving alms or selflessness as perceived by the society though this is primarily for the purpose of safe guarding the share price in the market and avoidance of lose in stock value and market boycott from the investors and financial analysts (Hawkins, 2006) It has been observed globally; companies that engage in CSR activities increase employee loyalty, there is an increase too in motivation by the employees especially when the senior managers are seen actively participating in the CSR activities, the employees perceive the organization as one that is caring and they are proud to be supporters of the cause undertaken by the organization.( Mermod and Idowu, 2013 ).For instance, Avon has increased pride in its employees, to represent it to women, since the company donates to breast cancer research (Hemat and Yuksel, 2013). For this reason, companies will engage in corporate social responsibility, primarily to motivate its employees in objective execution of the company, employees will participate in representing their organizations though the employers have an expectation from them, this argument depicts the motive behind CSR in organizations. A top executive in any organization, will not abandon his or her busy schedule to engage in a Csr activity without an expected payback. Societies are improved when organizations invest on the corporate social responsibility roles, though a great analysis will reveal organizations roles and acts are not in kind but a desired objective in the market. The fruits to the organizations might not be physical at the particular moments the top executives, avail the CSR plans in the market, though fruits will be harvested in the long run. Most organizations donate in kind and also the merchandise donated are left with their corporate logo, for instance if its sports uniform, whenever the teams play, the spectator will not only enjoy football but they will be seeing advertisements running in the field, it will affect sales of the donating company positively and greater revenues will be experienced. Organizations will claim they are carrying out CSR activities for altruistic purposes though at some instances its a selfish motive. Some organization want to have a global presence, they do so by beginning Corporate social responsibility activities like funding education in Africa, later the organizations will partner with companies with good reputation and with some global presence, what follows the partnership in sponsorship of the CSR activities like aiding education, this enables the company seeking funds to have some presence globally. During the ground breaking ceremonies towards the CSR activities, both companies receive attention from the international media and thus they use the selfless act of corporate social responsibility to acquire some global market attention. Companies undertake the CSR to improve relations globally and at the same time have some global media coverage. (Spence, 2010). Organizations have departments that are in charge of the CSR activities, it doesnt happen in a vacuum, they strategically develop ways and plans toward execution of the activities. In comparison to advertising, CSR can be cheaper and the rate of believability is higher, a community will see an advert in between news bulletin and switch to the next station where there are less advertisements. People will always watch documentaries with information about a company giving back to the society, irrespective of how customers will tend to disagree on product pricing and services; they will agree highly agree on activities of an organization. Organizations cut on the cost of advertising either to the customers on the relevance of their business, or their employees, reasons why they should stick longer with the company even though their pay might not match up with the competitors (Lundstrom et al, 2013). It has been noted that most organization will tend to support CSR activities either in line of the business or in line with the evils that they are causing in the society, where the businesses are operated. Cement manufacturing firms are highly likely to engage in CSR activities like planting trees and conservation of the environment. Companies will cause evils in the society and respond to their ills on how they care about the environment which they have been polluting through carbon emissions and exposure of flora and fauna as they mine to produce cement, in this context the organizations are giving not for an altruistic reason, but to soothe and blind fold the society not question their business operations (Handford et al, 2011). Organizations that sell antiseptics and soaps will engage in CSR activities like washing hands in schools, they are advocating for cleanliness in the society at the same time they end up selling more soaps and antiseptics to the community, more pieces of soaps are sold than ones that were donated during the CSR activities. The society and schools see an altruistic value, but the company perceive an opportunity to advertise while cutting costs. There are organizations which give freely for altruistic values, churches and religious institutions, engage the community by availing them with commodities such as food, shelter and clothing, they will give to meet their religion values for instance in Christianity like giving alms to the poor is considered lending unto God (Barker et al,1985). Organizations with such doctrines will give freely and in acts of selflessness in the society. The organizations even depend on funding from their followers, they will not subject who gets the donations or the major beneficiaries of their donation but they will give in support or recognition to the values that they strongly believe in or support. Organizations like world food program, Hunger safety net program, support citizens in some of countries in Africa like southern Sudan and northern Kenya where people are hunger striven, they do all this for an altruistic purpose and they expect nothing in return from the beneficiaries or even under their strategies. They have an objective to feed people globally and others have an obligation to treat the sick, organizing medical camps and they will never receive any attention or gain anything its out of selflessness (Day and Lvheim, 2016). Conclusion The paper begins by defining corporate social responsibility as an act of giving back to the society for philanthropic purposes or giving in kind. Whether organizations give primarily for altruistic act in the society has been greatly discussed, the paper has analyzed the Coca-Cola company which has greatly given in kind, it has been noted that as a result of giving the organizations has market value and an asset value of 95% which is intangible derived from corporate social responsibility. Organizations are giving to woo customers, to retain employees and also to maintain relationships either with governments regulatory bodies or other organizations. On the other hand, organizations that are found on religious doctrines are giving for altruistic value, they endeavor to change livelihoods based on their beliefs. Whether institutions give primarily for altruistic purposes is a question with a two sided answer, for the community they are likely to believe in the organizations acts. The organizations are having an objective with their altruism. References Bader, V., 2007.Secularism or democracy? associational governance of religious diversity(p. 386). Amsterdam University Press. Barker, K.L., Burdick, D. and Burdick, D.W., 1985.The NIV study bible, new international version. Zondervan Bible Publishers. Day, A. and Lvheim, M., 2016.Modernities, Memory and Mutations: Grace Davie and the Study of Religion. Routledge. Horrigan, B., 2010.Corporate social responsibility in the 21st century: Debates, models and practices across government, law and business. Edward Elgar Publishing. Hawkins, D.E., 2006.Corporate social responsibility: balancing tomorrow's sustainability and today's profitability. Springer. Handford, M., Lisboa, M., Koester, A. and Pitt, A., 2011.Business advantage. Cambridge University Press. Hemat, H. and Yuksel, U., 2013. Perspective: Is Cause-Related Marketing Really.Corporate Social Responsibility in the Global Business World, p.1. Idowu, S.O. and Leal Filho, W., 2009.Global practices of corporate social responsibility. Berlin: Springer. Lacy, P. and Salazar, C., 2006. From the margins to the mainstream: Corporate responsibility and the challenge facing business and business schools. InCorporate Social Responsibility(pp. 233-244). Palgrave Macmillan UK. Lundstrom, A., Zhou, C., von Friedrichs, Y. and Sundin, E. eds., 2013.Social entrepreneurship: Leveraging economic, political, and cultural dimensions(Vol. 29). Springer Science Business Media. Mermod, A.Y. and Idowu, S.O., 2013.Corporate social responsibility in the global business world. Springer. Mullerat, R., 2010.International corporate social responsibility: the role of corporations in the economic order of the 21st century. Kluwer Law International. Mullerat, R. and Brennan, D., 2005.Corporate social responsibility: The corporate governance of the 21st century. Kluwer Law International. Reisch, L.A. and Th_gersen, J. eds., 2015.Handbook of research on sustainable consumption. Edward Elgar Publishing. Spence, L. and Painter-Morland, M. eds., 2010.Ethics in small and medium sized enterprises: A global commentary(Vol. 2). Springer Science Business Media. Sandoval, M., 2014.From Corporate to Social Media: Critical Perspectives on Corporate Social Responsibility in Media and Communication Industries (Vol. 123). Routledge.